图形用户界面（GUI）详细发展历史

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April 1973, the first operational Alto computer is completed at Xerox PARC.
The Alto is the first system to pull together all of the elements of the modern Graphical User Interface.  

Features:
3-button mouse.
Bit-mapped display.
The use of graphical windows.
Ethernet network.

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1980: Three Rivers Computer Corporation introduces the the Perq graphical workstation

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1981 June: Xerox introduces the Star, the commercial successor to the Alto.
Notable features:
Double-clickable icons, overlapping windows, dialog boxes and a 1024*768 monochrome display.

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1983 January: Apple introduces the Lisa.
Notable features:  
Pull down menus and menu bars.

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Visi Corp releases Visi On, the first integrated graphical software environment for IBM PCs.

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Microsoft announces their new "Windows" program for the IBM PC but does not release it until 1985.
Notable features:
Is supposed to have overlapping / resizable windows.

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January 1984: Apple introduces the Macintosh

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September: Digital Research announces its GEM icon/desktop user interface for 8086- and DOS-based computers. It also was later ported to the Atari ST

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June: "window system X"  announced at MIT.
Versions 1-6 were monochrome only, and ran on DEC VS100’s displays connected to VAXen and VAXstations 1 and 2.  
Versions 8-10 dealt with color, for the VAXstation II/GPX. X10 is the first version that saw widespread availability and use on many vendor’s systems.
Version 11 was redesign for higher performance, more window management styles, extensibility and better graphics capability

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1985: Geos released for Commodore 64 and later the Apple II